LONDON - The detention Tuesday of Julian Assange, the elusive mastermind behind the WikiLeaks website, has pulled him from behind his laptop and into the international justice system.
But his potential extradition to face sexual assault allegations in Sweden could also significantly complicate any U.S. attempt to quickly try him for releasing thousands of classified documents on the Internet.
Assange, who has been taunting world leaders by revealing sometimes embarrassing U.S. secrets, is now the center of an international tug of war, with his opponents calling him a dangerous agent against state secrecy and supporters calling him a champion of the public’s right to know. British authorities were holding Assanwithout bail after the 39-year-old Australian surrendered at a London police station early Tuesday following weeks of living under the radar.
Assange now faces a legal proceeding next Tuesday to fight extradition to Sweden for questioning in connection with alleged sexual assaults, which he denies.
But to bring Assange to trial on American soil could be increasingly messy. Not only would the United States need to come up with creative charges that may be difficult to prove, it would also have to launch a laborious extradition request with Sweden, a country known for protecting asylum seekers.
In addition, if British authorities grant the Swedish request, Assange would be flown to a country that shares a significantly stricter extradition treaty with the United States. Swedish authorities said Tuesday that they would seriously weigh any request but noted that their treaty with the United States does not cover crimes that are political and military in nature.
“If and when a U.S. request comes, it must be built with some sort of evidence and would be complicated if the same act is not punishable under Swedish law,” said Nils Rekke, head of the legal department at the Swedish prosecutor’s office in Stockholm. It would also depend, he said, on whether any crime “is considered political or military, which are omitted” from the U.S.-Swedish extradition treaty.
Assange has argued that the allegations against him are politically motivated. U.S. officials have been investigating whether Assange, as head of WikiLeaks, can be charged for disseminating sensitive documents, including detailed accounts of the wars in Afganistaan and Iraq and embarrassing personal opinions of world leaders held by U.S. diplomats.
Given the broader extradition treaty Washington enjoys with London, analysts say that going after Assange while he is still on British soil would prove the surer path. Nevertheless, his arrest may not affect the pace of the investigation in the United States, according to U.S. officials and experts on the laws of extradition.
The U.S. attorney’s office in Alexandria, Va., and the FBI are conducting what Justice Department officials have described as an aggressive criminal probe that sources familiar with the inquiry say could lead to charges under the Espionage Act. But prosecutions under the 1917 Espionage Act are highly complex, and sources familiar with the investigation have said no criminal charges are imminent.
Despite the closing net around the organization’s international financial and technical operations, WikiLeaks representatives vowed that Assange’s arrest would not interrupt the release of more documents.
“We are on 301 and there are 250,000 secret cables,” Mark Stephens, one of Assange’s attorneys, told reporters in London.. He referred to WikiLeaks’ latest cache of State Department documents, the most recent of which was released Tuesday night.
Nevertheless, Assange suffered a blow Tuesday when British Judge Howard Riddle denied him bail. While a media horde and a smattering of WikiLeaks supporters gathered outside the courthouse, Riddle said that not only was the nomadic Assange a flight risk, but that he was potentially at risk of harm from “unstable persons” if released.
Appearing stoic in a dark blue suit, Assange told the court that he declined to give fingerprints or DNA samples on the advice of his lawyers, according to accounts from the courtroom.
Assange, the court heard, had spent two months living at the Frontline Club, a media watering hole near Paddington Station, though more recently he had been living with a female friend. When asked if he would willingly agree to the extradition, he said he would not.
Though his extradition trial next week could potentially be wrapped as quickly as a day, legal experts said it could also drag on for weeks. Assange’s attorneys are stating their case that there is no need him to go to Sweden to answer prosecutors questions, arguing they could interview him through video-conferencing or come to London themselves.
Britain and Sweden, as members of the Europian Union share an extradition treaty that is designed for rapid and streamlined dispatching of suspects. Proving a political motivation for extradition may be one way to fend off the Swedish request. But Riddle made it clear that the burden of proof would be high.
“This case is not, on the face of it, about WikiLeaks,” Riddle said in the courtroom. “It is an allegation in another European country of serious sexual offenses alleged to have occurred on three separate occasions and involving two separate victims.”
On Tuesday, British authorities offered additional details of the thus-far murky allegations against Assange in Sweden. During a trip last August, when Assange was scouting out Sweden as a potential new base of operations, a woman alleged he had unprotected sex with her despite her protests, and that he additionally used his body “to hold her down in a sexual manner.” A second woman, authorities said, alleged that Assange had unprotected sex with her while she was asleep.
Assange has yet to be formally charged; rather, he is still only being sought for questioning by Swedish authorities. If found guilty of the most serious of the allegations, he could face up to four years in jail under Swedish law.
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